Graeme ROBERTSON Ltd

Graeme ROBERTSON

Absolute constancy of the speed of light unites space and time and identifies mass as a form of energy.
Minimizing the intrinsic curvature of space-time in the presence of matter fields leads to the notion of a finite unbounded universe.
Observation of receding galaxies leads to the prediction that the entire Universe was born about 10¹⁰ years ago.

These revolutionary, precise and well confirmed theories indicate a radical departure from common sense.

Linearizing the relativistic wave equation leads to the entirely new notions of intrinsic spin and antimatter in quantum field theory, which already entertains virtual light.
Invariance of probability when the wave function is multiplied by an arbitrary phase factor leads to quantum electrodynamics of electrons and photons and quantum chromodynamics of quarks and gluons as a result of gauge symmetry.
An inelegant introduction of a scalar Higgs field to break an apparent gauge symmetry associated with weak interactions leads to confirmed predictions of the masses of the associated W and Z gauge bosons in the unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions.

These astonishingly precise and well confirmed findings announce a fundamental conceptual departure from familiar ideas of matter and forces.

String, which purports to unite all forces including gravity, can be endowed with rigidity through an extrinsic curvature term and tied in stable knots that could conceivably model glueballs.

Could a knotted string model like this account for the stability of observed particles like those currently described as elementary particles?

A trefoil knot might be a good
stringy model of a glueball.

String theory (as opposed to particle theory) has opened up many new areas of thought in mathematical physics.

It makes a lot of sense to suppose that the world is made of tiny indivisible particles, because from that foundation one can imagine that the whole familiar physical world has been literally put together like simple Lego (c.f. Toric Lego!:). This materialistic world view can be traced back to the ancient Greeks with Democritus around the 5th century BC and the ancient Indians with Kanada around the 6th century BC. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was clearly sympathetic to an atomic philosophy even though he was a profoundly religious man and today most scientists accept this atomistic world view.

But the 20th century has seen a massive departure from traditional metaphysics - from Boolean logic and common sense ontology and simple cognitive epistemology - even from static empty flat Euclidean 3D geometry and absolute uniform linear time. 21st century mathematical metaphysics, unconstrained by any observational evidence indicating quantitative incorrectness of the standard model of particle physics, has opened the door widely to much imaginative theoretical speculation, the only constraint being consistency with the low energy effective theory.

The physical world cannot be comprehended in terms of traditional metaphysics.